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Lesson Objectives
The lesson's objective is to equip learners with the ability to define, comprehend, and correctly use a diverse set of new English words and phrases, identifying their grammatical function, pronunciation, and meaning through definitions, example sentences, and Bengali translations.
Unit 8 — Word Details
| Word | Definition | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|
| Bunk off (Phrasal Verb) | To skip school or work without permission | Bengali: ক্লাস/কাজ ফাঁকি দেওয়া | IPA: /bʌŋk ɒf/ | They bunked off school to go to the matinee movie. |
| Self-explained (Adjective) | Easy to understand without further clarification; (also: self-explanatory) | Bengali: নিজে থেকেই বোধগম্য | IPA: /ˌsɛlf ɪkˈspleɪnd/ | The diagram is self-explained and needs no additional notes. |
| Broadcast (Verb/Noun) | To transmit programs or information by radio/TV/online; a transmitted program | Bengali: সম্প্রচার/প্রচার করা | IPA: /ˈbrɔːdkɑːst/ | The ceremony will be broadcast live nationwide. |
| Curiosity (Noun) | A strong desire to know or learn something | Bengali: কৌতূহল | IPA: /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsɪti/ | Her curiosity led her to read widely beyond the syllabus. |
| Phenomenon (Noun) | A fact or event observed to exist or happen, especially one that is unusual or remarkable | Bengali: ঘটনা/প্রপঞ্চ | IPA: /fɪˈnɒmɪnən/ | Auroras are a beautiful natural phenomenon. |
| Evolution (Noun) | Gradual development or change, especially from a simple to a more complex form | Bengali: বিবর্তন | IPA: /ˌiːvəˈluːʃn/ | The evolution of language fascinates linguists. |
| Part and parcel (Idiom) | An essential or integral part of something | Bengali: অবিচ্ছেদ্য অংশ | IPA: /ˌpɑːrt ən ˈpɑːrsl/ | Deadlines are part and parcel of journalism. |
| Peep (Verb/Noun) | To look quickly or secretly; a brief look | Bengali: উঁকি মারা; ঝটপট দেখা | IPA: /piːp/ | He peeped through the curtain to check the audience. |
| Symbol (Noun) | Something that represents or stands for something else | Bengali: প্রতীক | IPA: /ˈsɪmbəl/ | The dove is a universal symbol of peace. |
| Tabloid (Noun/Adjective) | A small-format newspaper often focused on sensational stories; relating to such papers | Bengali: ট্যাবলয়েড | IPA: /ˈtæblɔɪd/ | Some tabloids prioritize celebrity gossip over investigative reporting. |
| Broadsheet sizes (Noun) | Large newspaper formats (e.g., broadsheet), typically bigger than tabloids and associated with in-depth journalism | Bengali: ব্রডশিটের বৃহৎ পত্রিকার মাপ | IPA: /ˈbrɔːdʃiːt ˈsaɪzɪz/ | Many newspapers have shifted from broadsheet sizes to compact formats. |
| Scorching (Adjective) | Extremely hot; burning | Bengali: প্রচণ্ড গরম/দগ্ধকর | IPA: /ˈskɔːrtʃɪŋ/ | We cancelled the hike because of the scorching heat. |
| Startling news (Noun Phrase) | Information that is very surprising or alarming | Bengali: চমকপ্রদ খবর | IPA: /ˈstɑːrtlɪŋ njuːz/ | The agency released startling news about the data breach. |
| Authenticity (Noun) | The quality of being genuine or real | Bengali: সত্যতা/প্রামাণিকতা | IPA: /ˌɔːθenˈtɪsɪti/ | Experts verified the painting’s authenticity. |
| Convey (Verb) | To communicate an idea or feeling; to transport | Bengali: প্রকাশ/পৌঁছে দেওয়া; বহন করা | IPA: /kənˈveɪ/ | The author uses imagery to convey grief and hope. |
| Constraint (Noun) | A limitation or restriction | Bengali: সীমাবদ্ধতা/বাধা | IPA: /kənˈstreɪnt/ | Budget constraints forced the team to scale down the plan. |
| Legacy (Noun) | Something handed down from the past; long-lasting impact | Bengali: উত্তরাধিকার/ঐতিহ্য | IPA: /ˈlɛɡəsi/ | Her research left a lasting legacy in public health. |
| Complication (Noun) | A difficulty that makes a situation more complex; a secondary medical problem | Bengali: জটিলতা | IPA: /ˌkɒmplɪˈkeɪʃn/ | Travel restrictions added a major complication to the project. |
| Voraciously (Adverb) | With great appetite or eagerness | Bengali: গোগ্রাসে/অত্যন্ত আগ্রহভরে | IPA: /vəˈreɪʃəsli/ | She read voraciously, finishing a novel every two days. |
| Inheritance (Noun) | Property, money, or traits received from predecessors | Bengali: উত্তরাধিকার সূত্রে প্রাপ্ত সম্পত্তি/গুণ | IPA: /ɪnˈhɛrɪtəns/ | He used his inheritance to fund postgraduate study. |
| Social movement (Noun) | Collective, organized efforts to promote or resist social change | Bengali: সামাজিক আন্দোলন | IPA: /ˈsəʊʃəl ˈmuːvmənt/ | The social movement mobilized millions through online platforms. |
| Diagnose (Verb) | To identify an illness or problem from its signs | Bengali: রোগ/সমস্যা নির্ণয় করা | IPA: /ˌdaɪəɡˈnəʊz/ | Doctors diagnosed the infection early and began treatment. |
| Admire (Verb) | To respect or approve of someone or something | Bengali: প্রশংসা/মুগ্ধ হওয়া | IPA: /ədˈmaɪə(r)/ | I truly admire her dedication to community service. |
Unit Nine — Word Details
| Word | Definition | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|
| Circular (Adjective) | Shaped like a circle; moving or arranged in a round course | Bengali: বৃত্তাকার | IPA: /ˈsɜːrkjələr/ | The museum has a circular hall with a glass dome. |
| Axis (Noun) | A central line about which a body or object rotates or is symmetrically arranged | Bengali: অক্ষ | IPA: /ˈæksɪs/ | The Earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours. |
| Wagon (Noun) | A vehicle for transporting goods, often pulled by animals or a motor; a railway freight car | Bengali: মালবাহী গাড়ি/গাড়ি | IPA: /ˈwæɡən/ | The farmers loaded vegetables onto the wagon at dawn. |
| Propeller (Noun) | A device with rotating blades that drives a vehicle forward, especially in air or water | Bengali: প্রপেলার | IPA: /prəˈpɛlər/ | The propeller spun rapidly as the plane taxied to the runway. |
| Turbine (Noun) | A machine with a rotor that turns to produce power from moving fluid (air, steam, water) | Bengali: টারবাইন | IPA: /ˈtɜːrbaɪn/ | Wind turbines generate electricity for the coastal town. |
| Ordinal Number (Noun) | A number that expresses position in a sequence (first, second, third, etc.) | Bengali: ক্রমিক সংখ্যা | IPA: /ˈɔːrdɪnl ˈnʌmbər/ | Use an ordinal number when writing dates, like “the 5th of June.” |
| Chariot (Noun) | An ancient two-wheeled vehicle pulled by horses, used in war, racing, or ceremonies | Bengali: রথ | IPA: /ˈtʃæriət/ | The museum displays a bronze chariot from the classical era. |
| Spoked Wheels (Noun, Plural) | Wheels reinforced by slender rods (spokes) radiating from the hub to the rim | Bengali: স্পোকযুক্ত চাকা | IPA: /spoʊkt wiːlz/ | Early bicycles relied on lightweight spoked wheels for speed. |
| Gas Turbine (Noun) | A turbine driven by expanding hot gases, commonly used in jet engines and power plants | Bengali: গ্যাস টারবাইন | IPA: /ɡæs ˈtɜːrbaɪn/ | The power station installed a high-efficiency gas turbine last year. |
| Taking off (Noun/Verb—phrasal) | The act of an aircraft leaving the ground and beginning flight | Bengali: উড্ডয়ন শুরু করা | IPA: /ˈteɪkɪŋ ɒf/ | Passengers felt a surge of excitement during taking off. |
| Endeavor (Noun/Verb) | A serious attempt; to try hard to achieve something | Bengali: প্রচেষ্টা; প্রচেষ্টা করা | IPA: /ɪnˈdɛvər/ | Their endeavor to design a safer drone finally succeeded. |
| Supersonic Speed (Noun) | A speed greater than the speed of sound (Mach 1) | Bengali: অতিধ্বনিগত গতি | IPA: /ˌsuːpərˈsɒnɪk spiːd/ | The prototype reached supersonic speed during testing. |
| Aviation (Noun) | The design, development, operation, and use of aircraft | Bengali: বিমানচালনা/বিমানবিদ্যা | IPA: /ˌeɪviˈeɪʃn/ | She plans to study aviation and become a pilot. |
| Withstand (Verb) | To resist or endure successfully without damage | Bengali: সহ্য করা/প্রতিরোধ করা | IPA: /wɪðˈstænd/ | The fuselage is engineered to withstand high pressure changes. |
| Detach (Verb) | To separate or remove from something larger | Bengali: পৃথক করা/আলাদা করা | IPA: /dɪˈtætʃ/ | The booster rockets detach shortly after launch. |
| Restricted (Adjective) | Limited in access or use; controlled by rules or laws | Bengali: সীমাবদ্ধ/নিষিদ্ধ | IPA: /rɪˈstrɪktɪd/ | Only authorized personnel may enter the restricted area. |
| Wood Plank (Noun) | A long, flat, rectangular piece of timber used in construction | Bengali: কাঠের তক্তা | IPA: /wʊd plæŋk/ | They laid a wood plank across the trench as a temporary bridge. |
| Contemplation (Noun) | Deep reflective thought; the act of considering something carefully | Bengali: গভীর চিন্তাভাবনা/মনন | IPA: /ˌkɒntɛmˈpleɪʃən/ | The engineer sat in contemplation before finalizing the design. |
Unit 10 — Word Details
| Word | Definition | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|
| Fables (Noun, plural) | Short fictional stories, often with animals as characters, that teach a moral | Bengali: নীতিকথা | IPA: /ˈfeɪbəlz/ | Children love reading fables that end with clear lessons. |
| Nest (Noun/Verb) | A structure made by birds to lay eggs and raise young; to build such a structure | Bengali: বাসা; বাসা বাঁধা | IPA: /nɛst/ | The swallows built a nest under the roof. |
| Shelter (Noun/Verb) | Protection or a place that provides cover from weather or danger; to protect | Bengali: আশ্রয়; আশ্রয় দেওয়া | IPA: /ˈʃɛltər/ | The cave offered shelter during the storm. |
| Grumpy (Adjective) | Bad-tempered and irritable | Bengali: খিটখিটে | IPA: /ˈɡrʌmpi/ | He gets grumpy if he skips breakfast. |
| Sly (Adjective) | Clever in a deceitful or secretive way | Bengali: ধূর্ত/চালাক | IPA: /slaɪ/ | The sly fox waited silently behind the bushes. |
| Flattery (Noun) | Excessive and insincere praise given to gain favor | Bengali: চাটুকারিতা | IPA: /ˈflætəri/ | He saw through the flattery and refused the offer. |
| Puff and Ruffle (Verb phrase) | To inflate oneself slightly and disturb or fluff (feathers/fur), often to appear larger | Bengali: ফুলিয়ে ওঠা ও লোম/পালক ঝাঁকানো | IPA: /pʌf ænd ˈrʌfəl/ | The sparrow would puff and ruffle its feathers in the cold. |
| Impatient (Adjective) | Having or showing a tendency to be quickly irritated or to want things without delay | Bengali: অস্থির/অধৈর্য | IPA: /ɪmˈpeɪʃənt/ | Impatient customers tapped their feet in the queue. |
| Host (Noun/Verb) | A person who receives or entertains guests; to receive guests or present an event | Bengali: আতিথেয়; আয়োজন করা | IPA: /hoʊst/ | Our host welcomed us warmly at the cottage. |
| Hospitality (Noun) | Friendly and generous reception and entertainment of guests | Bengali: আতিথেয়তা | IPA: /ˌhɒspɪˈtæləti/ | The villagers showed remarkable hospitality to travelers. |
| Ungrateful (Adjective) | Not showing appreciation for help or kindness | Bengali: অকৃতজ্ঞ | IPA: /ʌnˈɡreɪtfəl/ | The ungrateful prince ignored the peasant’s kindness. |
| Flapping (Noun/Adjective) | Moving or causing to move up and down or back and forth, especially wings | Bengali: ডানা ঝাপটানো | IPA: /ˈflæpɪŋ/ | The flapping of wings startled the resting herd. |
| Be Off (Phrasal Verb) | To leave or depart | Bengali: চলে যাওয়া/রওনা হওয়া | IPA: /biː ɒf/ | It’s late—we should be off now. |
| Fell Upon (Phrasal Verb) | Attacked or seized suddenly; also, discovered by chance | Bengali: হঠাৎ আক্রমণ করা/হঠাৎ পেয়ে যাওয়া | IPA: /fɛl əˈpɒn/ | The wolves fell upon the stray goat at dusk. |
| Drive Out (Phrasal Verb) | To force someone or something to leave | Bengali: তাড়িয়ে দেওয়া/বের করে দেওয়া | IPA: /draɪv aʊt/ | The villagers lit torches to drive out the jackals. |
| Vicious (Adjective) | Deliberately cruel or violent | Bengali: হিংস্র/দুর্মতি | IPA: /ˈvɪʃəs/ | A vicious rumor spread through the court. |
| Well (Noun) | A deep hole or shaft from which water is drawn | Bengali: কূপ/পুকুরের কূপ | IPA: /wɛl/ | The villagers gathered at the well every morning. |
| Scarce (Adjective) | In short supply; hard to find | Bengali: দুষ্প্রাপ্য | IPA: /skɛrs/ | Food was scarce during the harsh winter. |
| Barred (Adjective) | Fitted with bars or locked; not allowed or permitted | Bengali: শিকল/বার লাগানো; নিষিদ্ধ | IPA: /bɑːrd/ | The barred gate kept the cattle from wandering. |
| Barren (Adjective) | Too poor to produce much or any vegetation; infertile | Bengali: অনুর্বর/বাঁজা | IPA: /ˈbærən/ | They crossed a barren stretch of land before sunset. |
| Cisterns (Noun, plural) | Containers or tanks for storing water | Bengali: পানির ট্যাংক/রিজার্ভার | IPA: /ˈsɪstərnz/ | Stone cisterns collected rainwater for the village. |
| Horse-Troughs (Noun, plural) | Long, narrow open containers from which horses drink or eat | Bengali: ঘোড়ার জলের/খাবারের কুম্ভ | IPA: /hɔːrs trɔːfs/ | The horse-troughs were filled every morning. |
| Pushcart (Noun) | A small handcart pushed by a person for carrying goods | Bengali: ধাক্কা দিয়ে চালানো ঠেলা-গাড়ি | IPA: /ˈpʊʃkɑːrt/ | The vendor sold fruit from a colorful pushcart. |
| Beak (Noun) | The hard, pointed mouth of a bird | Bengali: ঠোঁট | IPA: /biːk/ | The crow carried the pebble in its beak. |
| Doddering (Adjective) | Feeble and unsteady, especially from old age | Bengali: কঁকিয়ে ওঠা/অস্থির বৃদ্ধ | IPA: /ˈdɒdərɪŋ/ | A doddering old goat wandered into the yard. |
| Pebble (Noun) | A small, smooth stone worn by water | Bengali: নুড়ি পাথর | IPA: /ˈpɛbəl/ | She dropped a pebble into the well to test its depth. |
| Shudder (Verb/Noun) | To tremble convulsively, typically from fear or cold; a sudden shiver | Bengali: কেঁপে ওঠা; শিহরণ | IPA: /ˈʃʌdər/ | The hare gave a shudder when the owl hooted. |
| Helter-skelter (Adverb/Adjective) | In disorderly haste or confusion | Bengali: বিশৃঙ্খলাভাবে/হুড়োহুড়ি করে | IPA: /ˌhɛltər ˈskɛltər/ | The chicks ran helter-skelter as the fox approached. |
| Haystack (Noun) | A large, compact pile of dried grass used as animal fodder | Bengali: খড়ের গাদা | IPA: /ˈheɪstæk/ | The farmer stored tools behind the haystack. |
| Clipped (Adjective/Verb) | Cut short or trimmed; (of speech) brisk and sharp | Bengali: কাটা/ছাঁটা; কড়া উচ্চারণ | IPA: /klɪpt/ | In a clipped tone, the guard told them to be off. |
Unit 11 — Word Details
| Word | Definition | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|
| Repression (Noun) | The act of subduing someone or something by force; suppression of thoughts, feelings, or political dissent | Bengali: দমন/নির্বোধন | IPA: /rɪˈprɛʃən/ | The government's repression of protestors drew international criticism. |
| Autocratic (Adjective) | Characteristic of a ruler who has absolute power; exercising power in a domineering way | Bengali: একনায়কতান্ত্রিক/স্বৈরতান্ত্রিক | IPA: /ˌɔːtəˈkrætɪk/ | The autocratic regime rejected calls for free elections. |
| Pave (Verb) | To cover a surface with a firm material such as stone or asphalt; to make a way or provide a route | Bengali: পাকা করা/পথ তৈরি করা | IPA: /peɪv/ | The council decided to pave the muddy road near the school. |
| Chant (Noun/Verb) | A repeated rhythmic phrase, often used in protest or ritual; to sing or shout repeatedly | Bengali: স্লোগান/উচ্চারণ করা | IPA: /tʃænt/ | Protesters chanted slogans demanding justice. |
| Beacon (Noun) | A signal light or fire used as a guide; something that inspires or guides others | Bengali: বাতিঘর/নির্দেশক আলো | IPA: /ˈbiːkən/ | The lighthouse served as a beacon for returning ships. |
| Penetrate (Verb) | To enter or pass through something; to succeed in understanding or influencing | Bengali: প্রবেশ করা/ভেদ করা | IPA: /ˈpɛnɪtreɪt/ | Sunlight could not penetrate the dense canopy. |
| Tend (Verb) | To care for or look after; to be likely to behave in a particular way | Bengali: যত্ন করা/প্রবণ হওয়া | IPA: /tɛnd/ | She tends the garden every morning before work. |
| Defy (Verb) | To openly resist or refuse to obey; to challenge | Bengali: চ্যালেঞ্জ করা/বিরোধ করা | IPA: /dɪˈfaɪ/ | They decided to defy the curfew and continued to protest peacefully. |
| Hierarchy (Noun) | A system in which people or groups are ranked one above another according to status or authority | Bengali: শ্রেণীভিত্তিক স্তর/হায়ারার্কি | IPA: /ˈhaɪərɑːrki/ | The company's hierarchy made decision-making slow and bureaucratic. |
| Persecute (Verb) | To subject someone to hostility and ill-treatment, especially because of race, political beliefs, or religion | Bengali: নির্যাতন করা | IPA: /ˈpɜːrsɪkjuːt/ | Many activists were persecuted for speaking out against the regime. |
| Mofussil (Adjective/Noun) | Relating to or denoting provincial or rural districts (used in South Asia) | Bengali: গ্রামীণ অঞ্চল/প্রাদেশিক | IPA: /ˈməʊfəsɪl/ | He preferred the slower pace of mofussil life to the bustle of the capital. |
| Dictator (Noun) | A ruler with total power over a country, typically one who has obtained control by force | Bengali: তানাশাহ/স্বৈরশাসক | IPA: /ˈdɪkteɪtər/ | The dictator suppressed all opposition and controlled the media. |
| Oppression (Noun) | Prolonged cruel or unjust treatment or control | Bengali: নির্যাতন/পীড়ন | IPA: /əˈprɛʃən/ | Historic oppression has left deep scars in the community. |
| Defiance (Noun) | Open resistance or bold disobedience | Bengali: প্রতিহিংসা/প্রতিবাদ | IPA: /dɪˈfaɪəns/ | The students' defiance inspired others to join the movement. |
| Discrimination (Noun) | Unfair treatment of people based on characteristics like race, gender, or religion | Bengali: বৈষম্য | IPA: /dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃən/ | Laws aim to reduce discrimination in employment practices. |
| Dorm (Noun) | Short for dormitory; a building providing sleeping accommodation for students | Bengali: ছাত্রাবাস/ঘুমের কক্ষ | IPA: /dɔːrm/ | The new dorm houses two hundred students. |
| Reverberated (Verb) | Echoed repeatedly; had continuing effects or repercussions | Bengali: প্রতিধ্বনিত হওয়া/প্রতিক্রিয়া সৃষ্টি করা | IPA: /rɪˈvɜːrbəreɪtɪd/ | The sirens reverberated through the city long after midnight. |
| Triggered (Verb) | Caused an event or situation to happen; activated a reaction | Bengali: উদ্রেক করা/প্রারম্ভ করা | IPA: /ˈtrɪɡərd/ | The announcement triggered widespread protests across the region. |
| Legitimacy (Noun) | The quality of being lawful, acceptable, or recognized as valid | Bengali: বৈধতা/কানুনি স্বীকৃতি | IPA: /lɪˈdʒɪtɪməsi/ | Questions over the election's legitimacy led to unrest. |
| Dormitory (Noun) | A large bedroom for a number of people in a school or institution; student housing | Bengali: ছাত্রী/ছাত্রাবাস | IPA: /ˈdɔːrmɪtəri/ | The dormitory facilities include study rooms and a cafeteria. |
| Fiercely (Adverb) | In a powerful, violent, or intense manner | Bengali: জোরালোভাবে/প্রচণ্ডভাবে | IPA: /ˈfɪərsli/ | They fought fiercely to protect their rights. |
Answers
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