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Lesson Objectives
Lesson Objectives
To enable students to analyze Hamlet as a tragic drama using Aristotle’s Tragic Framework, focusing on tragic flaw, reversal, recognition, catharsis, and the ultimate consequences of actions.
Use this structured table to plan fluent, varied arguments: Claim → Grounds → Warrant → Backing → Counterclaim → Rebuttal → Conclusion.
Use this structured table to analyze Hamlet: Hamartia → Peripeteia → Anagnorisis → Catharsis → Nemesis.
Aristotle Method: Hamartia, Peripeteia, Anagnorisis, Catharsis, Nemesis
Focus on plot, character, theme, and dramatic effect
Mix & match insights across sets for varied analysis
Useful for essays, presentations, and literary discussions
| Step | Focus Area | What to Include | Example Phrases (Set 1) | Example Phrases (Set 2) | Example Phrases (Set 3) | Example Phrases (Set 4) | Example Phrases (Set 5) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Hamartia (Tragic Flaw) | Main flaw of Hamlet |
|
Set 1 “Hamlet’s indecision prevents him from avenging his father promptly, creating delays that intensify conflict and tragedy.” |
Set 2 “His overthinking leads to hesitation, causing missed opportunities to act against Claudius.” |
Set 3 “Hamlet’s obsession with moral perfection makes him delay revenge, worsening his inner turmoil and the plot’s complexity.” |
Set 4 “His tendency to doubt everyone, including friends, clouds judgment and leads to fatal errors.” |
Set 5 “Hamlet’s philosophical and reflective nature causes him to procrastinate, indirectly leading to multiple deaths.” |
| 2. Peripeteia (Reversal) | Turning points in the plot |
|
Set 1 “The accidental killing of Polonius shifts Hamlet’s fortunes, bringing Laertes into the revenge plot and intensifying tragedy.” |
Set 2 “Ophelia’s death reverses Hamlet’s mood and escalates the family conflict.” |
Set 3 “The play-within-a-play exposes Claudius, forcing Hamlet to confront his enemy more directly.” |
Set 4 “Hamlet’s banishment to England unexpectedly increases danger to the royal family, changing his strategy.” |
Set 5 “The duel with Laertes represents a reversal where Hamlet moves from indecision to action, but at great personal cost.” |
| 3. Anagnorisis (Recognition) | Awareness and insight |
|
Set 1 “Hamlet recognizes that his hesitation has cost lives and accepts the inevitability of confronting Claudius.” |
Set 2 “He realizes that revenge is both necessary and morally complex, requiring courage beyond thought.” |
Set 3 “Hamlet understands the deception around him, acknowledging the corruption in Elsinore and the need to act decisively.” |
Set 4 “He gains insight into his own mortality and the fleeting nature of life, motivating his final actions.” |
Set 5 “Hamlet recognizes that fate and personal flaws are intertwined, shaping both his life and the fate of those around him.” |
| 4. Catharsis | Emotional effect on audience |
|
Set 1 “The deaths of Hamlet and his family evoke pity, showing how personal flaws can have devastating consequences.” |
Set 2 “The audience feels fear as Hamlet’s indecision leads to escalating chaos and tragedy.” |
Set 3 “Claudius’s downfall and Hamlet’s suffering provide a sense of moral reflection for viewers.” |
Set 4 “The tragic ending highlights human vulnerability, eliciting both sorrow and admiration for courage.” |
Set 5 “Witnessing Hamlet’s struggle inspires contemplation about fate, justice, and the consequences of inaction.” |
| 5. Nemesis (Fate / Consequence) | Inevitable consequences |
|
Set 1 “Ultimately, Hamlet, Claudius, Gertrude, and Laertes all die, showing the inevitability of fate and the cost of revenge.” |
Set 2 “Hamlet achieves revenge but pays with his life, reflecting tragic justice.” |
Set 3 “The royal house of Denmark is left in turmoil, highlighting the destructive impact of moral flaws and corruption.” |
Set 4 “Fortinbras’s arrival marks the restoration of political order, but at the cost of numerous deaths.” |
Set 5 “The play concludes with the tragic inevitability of death, reinforcing themes of fate, revenge, and human weakness.” |
📖 Key Features
- 📌 Format: Text with High Qquality Graphics
- 📌Content: this text is very helpful for IELTS students, especially for Speaking Part 2 (cue card tasks like "Hamlet as a Tragic Drama") and also for Writing Tasks where structured description is needed.
- 📌 Ideal for: IT-Assisted Classrooms
- 📌 Perfect for: Presentation Purposes and Personal Learning too
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