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Lesson Objectives
- To enable students to recognize different verb tenses and their appropriate forms in sentences.
- To improve students’ grammatical accuracy in both written and spoken English.
- To help learners practice using auxiliary and main verbs correctly in various contexts.
- To reinforce the use of subject-verb agreement in affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentences.
- To enhance learners’ confidence in constructing grammatically correct sentences using the right forms of verbs.
Right Forms of Verb – Fill in the blanks
1. She (read) a book now.
2. They (go) to the market yesterday.
3. I (not finish) my work yet.
4. The baby (cry) loudly.
5. We (live) in this house since 2010.
6. He (write) a letter when I entered.
7. The train (leave) before we reached the station.
8. She usually (walk) to school.
9. Water (boil) at 100°C.
10. They (play) cricket every Friday.
11. You (see) the movie yet?
12. He (be) very tired last night.
13. I (meet) him last week.
14. The students (submit) their homework.
15. My mother (cook) dinner when I came home.
16. I (study) here for two years.
17. The dog (bark) all night.
18. We (watch) TV when the power went out.
19. She (not go) to school today.
20. They (be) friends since childhood.
Answers and Detailed Explanations
1. is reading
Grammar: Present Continuous Tense
Rule: Subject + is/am/are + verb-ing
Context: Describes an action happening at the moment of speaking.
Explanation: “Now” indicates a current activity. “Reads” (present simple) would imply a habit, not a present action.
Incorrect Choices: “reads” or “read” don’t match the immediate timeframe suggested by “now”.
Grammar: Present Continuous Tense
Rule: Subject + is/am/are + verb-ing
Context: Describes an action happening at the moment of speaking.
Explanation: “Now” indicates a current activity. “Reads” (present simple) would imply a habit, not a present action.
Incorrect Choices: “reads” or “read” don’t match the immediate timeframe suggested by “now”.
2. went
Grammar: Past Simple Tense
Rule: Subject + past form of verb
Context: Used for completed actions in the past.
Explanation: “Yesterday” signals a definite past time. Using “go” or “has gone” would be wrong because they suggest either a general or ongoing action.
Incorrect Choices: “go” (present), “has gone” (present perfect) – both incorrect for definite past events.
Grammar: Past Simple Tense
Rule: Subject + past form of verb
Context: Used for completed actions in the past.
Explanation: “Yesterday” signals a definite past time. Using “go” or “has gone” would be wrong because they suggest either a general or ongoing action.
Incorrect Choices: “go” (present), “has gone” (present perfect) – both incorrect for definite past events.
3. have not finished
Grammar: Present Perfect Tense (Negative)
Rule: Subject + have/has + not + past participle
Context: Describes an action that has not been completed up to the present.
Explanation: The word “yet” signals an unfinished action continuing to the present. “Did not finish” suggests a completed past failure, not applicable here.
Incorrect Choices: “did not finish” – incorrect because it refers to a completed action, not ongoing.
Grammar: Present Perfect Tense (Negative)
Rule: Subject + have/has + not + past participle
Context: Describes an action that has not been completed up to the present.
Explanation: The word “yet” signals an unfinished action continuing to the present. “Did not finish” suggests a completed past failure, not applicable here.
Incorrect Choices: “did not finish” – incorrect because it refers to a completed action, not ongoing.
4. is crying
Grammar: Present Continuous Tense
Rule: Subject + is/am/are + verb-ing
Context: Used to describe actions happening right now.
Explanation: The sentence gives a sense of immediate action. “Cries” would mean habitually, not at this moment.
Incorrect Choices: “cries” – habitual; “cried” – past; both don’t suit a present scene.
Grammar: Present Continuous Tense
Rule: Subject + is/am/are + verb-ing
Context: Used to describe actions happening right now.
Explanation: The sentence gives a sense of immediate action. “Cries” would mean habitually, not at this moment.
Incorrect Choices: “cries” – habitual; “cried” – past; both don’t suit a present scene.
5. have lived
Grammar: Present Perfect Tense
Rule: Subject + have/has + past participle
Context: Used to indicate duration from the past up to the present.
Explanation: “Since 2010” indicates a starting point. “Lived” (past simple) would mean the action is over.
Incorrect Choices: “lived” – incorrect unless the action is complete.
Grammar: Present Perfect Tense
Rule: Subject + have/has + past participle
Context: Used to indicate duration from the past up to the present.
Explanation: “Since 2010” indicates a starting point. “Lived” (past simple) would mean the action is over.
Incorrect Choices: “lived” – incorrect unless the action is complete.
6. was writing
Grammar: Past Continuous Tense
Rule: Subject + was/were + verb-ing
Context: Used to describe an action in progress at a specific point in the past.
Explanation: “I entered” is a short action interrupting “was writing,” which was in progress.
Incorrect Choices: “wrote” – suggests a completed action, not one interrupted.
Grammar: Past Continuous Tense
Rule: Subject + was/were + verb-ing
Context: Used to describe an action in progress at a specific point in the past.
Explanation: “I entered” is a short action interrupting “was writing,” which was in progress.
Incorrect Choices: “wrote” – suggests a completed action, not one interrupted.
7. had left
Grammar: Past Perfect Tense
Rule: Subject + had + past participle
Context: Used to show one action happened before another past action.
Explanation: “Had left” occurred before “we reached.” Simple past would not show this sequence.
Incorrect Choices: “left” – doesn’t show it happened *before* reaching.
Grammar: Past Perfect Tense
Rule: Subject + had + past participle
Context: Used to show one action happened before another past action.
Explanation: “Had left” occurred before “we reached.” Simple past would not show this sequence.
Incorrect Choices: “left” – doesn’t show it happened *before* reaching.
8. walks
Grammar: Simple Present Tense
Rule: Subject + base verb (+s/es for he/she/it)
Context: Used for habitual or routine actions.
Explanation: “Usually” means a regular activity, so simple present is used.
Incorrect Choices: “is walking” would imply he is walking right now, not regularly.
Grammar: Simple Present Tense
Rule: Subject + base verb (+s/es for he/she/it)
Context: Used for habitual or routine actions.
Explanation: “Usually” means a regular activity, so simple present is used.
Incorrect Choices: “is walking” would imply he is walking right now, not regularly.
9. boils
Grammar: Simple Present Tense
Rule: Subject + base verb (+s/es for he/she/it)
Context: Scientific facts or general truths.
Explanation: The sentence expresses a universal truth, so the present simple is necessary.
Incorrect Choices: “is boiling” implies it’s happening now; not appropriate for facts.
Grammar: Simple Present Tense
Rule: Subject + base verb (+s/es for he/she/it)
Context: Scientific facts or general truths.
Explanation: The sentence expresses a universal truth, so the present simple is necessary.
Incorrect Choices: “is boiling” implies it’s happening now; not appropriate for facts.
10. play
Grammar: Simple Present Tense
Rule: Subject + base verb
Context: Regular/repeated actions.
Explanation: “Every Friday” signals a routine action. Hence, present simple is correct.
Incorrect Choices: “are playing” or “played” would suggest present continuous or past – both inappropriate.
Grammar: Simple Present Tense
Rule: Subject + base verb
Context: Regular/repeated actions.
Explanation: “Every Friday” signals a routine action. Hence, present simple is correct.
Incorrect Choices: “are playing” or “played” would suggest present continuous or past – both inappropriate.
11. have you seen
Grammar: Present Perfect Interrogative
Rule: Have/has + subject + past participle
Context: Used when the time is not finished or recent past is implied.
Explanation: “Yet” signals expectation in the present. “Did you see” would refer to a specific past time, not suitable here.
Incorrect Choices: “Did you see” – suitable only when a specific time in the past is mentioned.
Grammar: Present Perfect Interrogative
Rule: Have/has + subject + past participle
Context: Used when the time is not finished or recent past is implied.
Explanation: “Yet” signals expectation in the present. “Did you see” would refer to a specific past time, not suitable here.
Incorrect Choices: “Did you see” – suitable only when a specific time in the past is mentioned.
12. was
Grammar: Past Simple Tense
Rule: Subject + was/were
Context: Describes a state in the past.
Explanation: “Last night” refers to a specific time, so simple past “was” is correct.
Incorrect Choices: “is” refers to the present; “has been” is incorrect as it implies a continued state.
Grammar: Past Simple Tense
Rule: Subject + was/were
Context: Describes a state in the past.
Explanation: “Last night” refers to a specific time, so simple past “was” is correct.
Incorrect Choices: “is” refers to the present; “has been” is incorrect as it implies a continued state.
13. met
Grammar: Simple Past Tense
Rule: Subject + past verb
Context: Completed action in the past.
Explanation: “Last week” is a definite past time marker. Use of “meet” or “have met” would be incorrect.
Incorrect Choices: “have met” is present perfect, used without a specific past time.
Grammar: Simple Past Tense
Rule: Subject + past verb
Context: Completed action in the past.
Explanation: “Last week” is a definite past time marker. Use of “meet” or “have met” would be incorrect.
Incorrect Choices: “have met” is present perfect, used without a specific past time.
14. have submitted
Grammar: Present Perfect Tense
Rule: Subject + have/has + past participle
Context: Recent past with relevance to the present.
Explanation: The effect of submitting is still relevant. “Submitted” could work if a time marker was given, but isn’t best here.
Incorrect Choices: “submitted” – past simple without time context is weaker.
Grammar: Present Perfect Tense
Rule: Subject + have/has + past participle
Context: Recent past with relevance to the present.
Explanation: The effect of submitting is still relevant. “Submitted” could work if a time marker was given, but isn’t best here.
Incorrect Choices: “submitted” – past simple without time context is weaker.
15. was cooking
Grammar: Past Continuous Tense
Rule: Subject + was/were + verb-ing
Context: Describes an interrupted action in the past.
Explanation: “Was cooking” was in progress when “I came.” “Cooked” would show a completed action.
Incorrect Choices: “cooked” – no sense of interruption or duration.
Grammar: Past Continuous Tense
Rule: Subject + was/were + verb-ing
Context: Describes an interrupted action in the past.
Explanation: “Was cooking” was in progress when “I came.” “Cooked” would show a completed action.
Incorrect Choices: “cooked” – no sense of interruption or duration.
16. have studied
Grammar: Present Perfect Tense
Rule: Subject + have/has + past participle
Context: Action continuing from past to present.
Explanation: “For two years” requires a tense that spans past to present. “Studied” (past) would mean it's over.
Incorrect Choices: “studied” – not continuous up to the present.
Grammar: Present Perfect Tense
Rule: Subject + have/has + past participle
Context: Action continuing from past to present.
Explanation: “For two years” requires a tense that spans past to present. “Studied” (past) would mean it's over.
Incorrect Choices: “studied” – not continuous up to the present.
17. barked
Grammar: Past Simple Tense
Rule: Subject + past verb
Context: Describes a finished past action.
Explanation: “All night” implies the action is done. Present perfect or continuous tenses don’t suit.
Incorrect Choices: “has barked” or “is barking” – incorrect for finished past.
Grammar: Past Simple Tense
Rule: Subject + past verb
Context: Describes a finished past action.
Explanation: “All night” implies the action is done. Present perfect or continuous tenses don’t suit.
Incorrect Choices: “has barked” or “is barking” – incorrect for finished past.
18. were watching
Grammar: Past Continuous Tense
Rule: Subject + was/were + verb-ing
Context: Ongoing past action interrupted by another.
Explanation: The ongoing action “were watching” was interrupted when “power went out.”
Incorrect Choices: “watched” – no sense of interruption or duration.
Grammar: Past Continuous Tense
Rule: Subject + was/were + verb-ing
Context: Ongoing past action interrupted by another.
Explanation: The ongoing action “were watching” was interrupted when “power went out.”
Incorrect Choices: “watched” – no sense of interruption or duration.
19. did not go
Grammar: Simple Past Negative
Rule: Subject + did not + base verb
Context: Past event that didn’t happen.
Explanation: “Today” with a past perspective (day is over) means a completed negative past action.
Incorrect Choices: “has not gone” – present perfect, implies relevance to now, not suitable.
Grammar: Simple Past Negative
Rule: Subject + did not + base verb
Context: Past event that didn’t happen.
Explanation: “Today” with a past perspective (day is over) means a completed negative past action.
Incorrect Choices: “has not gone” – present perfect, implies relevance to now, not suitable.
20. have been
Grammar: Present Perfect Tense
Rule: Subject + have/has + been
Context: Describes a continuing state from past to present.
Explanation: “Since childhood” shows duration. Present perfect best expresses this continuing condition.
Incorrect Choices: “was” or “had been” – don’t reflect the continuing relevance.
Grammar: Present Perfect Tense
Rule: Subject + have/has + been
Context: Describes a continuing state from past to present.
Explanation: “Since childhood” shows duration. Present perfect best expresses this continuing condition.
Incorrect Choices: “was” or “had been” – don’t reflect the continuing relevance.
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